The natco electrodynamic desalter technology uses the extremely efficient hiflo spreader to evenly distribute the incoming wet crude and create a uniform vertical flow upward through the treater. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. From crude oil how oil refining works howstuffworks. Crude oil desalter encyclopedia article citizendium. Jun, 2008 desalting crude oils posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil was.
The crude oil and the water are run through a mix valve which brings the salts in contact with the water droplets. Lecture 02a desalting sodium chloride petroleum free. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical additives financial benefits. Crude oil desalting is accomplished in two fundamental steps. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. During the desalting process, the challenge is to overcome the existence of an emulsion layer at the interface between oil and water. A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. Is it possible to process the crude with 10 api or lower in crude column. Wang institute of pressure vessel and process equipment, east china university of science and technology, shanghai, pr china. An increase of one part per million ppm of water and brine reduces the cost of crude oil by approximately 0. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the free. The designed controller was tested and implemented on. Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation.
Baker hughes can help you overcome these concerns with our comprehensive crude oil management approach, which includes a suite of tools and technologies that provide the best feedstock preparation and desalting performance possible to maximize your pro. The volume of a crude oil in its reservoir rock differs from the volume it occupies in the surface. I have used carry over tab in separator option for separation of crude oil and water also. The dewatering and desalting of crude oil becomes more difficult when we talk about heavy crude oil from api 19 and higher densities.
Proactively gaining insight into the processing challenges of crude blends allows you to confidently increase your. Our crude oil treatment technologies include multiphase separation systems, dehydration and desalting electrostatic treaters, and distillate treaters. These contaminants need to be removed to refine the oil into a finished product. This method eliminates grid bypass and local recirculation areas.
For the following reasons, it is of utmost importance to reduce the amount of salt in the crude before processing the crude in the crude distillation unit and consequently. The salt can lead to fouling and corrosion of heat exchangers and distillation overhead systems. This salt needs to be removed so that the crude oil can be. Crude oil treatments training course petroknowledge. Crude oil desalting principles of crude oil desalting desalting is an integral part of refinery crude oil processing and can be the key to controlling pipestill corrosion, heat exchanger fouling, furnace tube coking, and process water disposal. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process hardware. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels can be as high as 2000. This course provides participants with knowledge necessary to understand that the desalting operation is one. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil. Desalting crude oils refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Bilectric hf highfrequency ac desalter schlumberger. Crude oil desalting desalting of crude oil refinery. The fractions recovered from the atmospheric distillation tower include naphtha, kerosene, diesel and bottoms liquid called atmospheric resid. Experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and dehydration article pdf available in chemical engineering communications 1901.
Desalting of crude oil is necessary due to the relationship between the price of exported crude oil and its quality. The reason for such a complex set of processes is the difference between the crude oil properties and the needs of the market. Four deferric agents were synthesized for the testing. Our main aim in this paper is to examine in details crude oil treatment, which involves dehydration and desalting in order to unearth and seize. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. There are many significant variables to control in the crude oil production process. Crude oil management desalting chemicals emulsion breaking corrosion control. Some of the reasons why crude oil desalting is necessary are.
How to crude oil desalter process in refinnerypetroleum a desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Introduction when the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. Larry kremer, baker petrolite crude oil quality group may 29, 2003 this presentation contains the proprietary information of baker petrolite corporation. By reading this presentation, the reader agrees not to disclose any information contained in the presentation without the prio. However, many other contaminants such as clay, silt, rust, and other debris also need to be removed. Dear all, have you come across any refinery processing crude with 10 api crude say blend of crude or single crude like boscan or patoz whose api is around 10. The equipment used for the removal of salts, suspended solids and water soluble trace metalsslits, iron oxides, sand etc. Salt in crude oil also causes reduction in heat transfer rates in heat exchangers and furnaces. Crude oil desalting emulsion sodium chloride free 30. After separation by gravity settling, crude oil can be desalted by following the steps. Desalting plant parameters 1 a common w crude oil emulsion may contain up to 25% water cut. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil.
The history of crude oil desaltingdehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality on. This petroknowledge training course provides a detailed understanding of theories and technologies involved in crude oil treatment, petroleum crude formation, production, phase separation process, emulsion theory formation, crude oil desalting, stabilization and the mechanism through the technology to destabilize and separate water from oil in addition to crude oil storage and loading facilities. Baker hughes comprehensive crude oil management approach. Crude oil desalting introduction poor desalting has the following effects. Crude oil that comes in contact with water carries some residual water. Desalting of crude oil to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling in crude heaters and towers, and to prevent the poisoning of catalysts in downstream units, these contaminants are removed by a process called desalting.
Poor desalting efficiency, uncontrollable emulsions, and other desalting challenges are common when processing lowerpriced opportunity crude oils. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind of water droplets dispersed in a continuous phase of oil. Here, the high gforces of centrifuges ensure the highest separation efficiency and help to reduce amount of chemicals and improve the separation. The transportation of these crude oils through pipe lines has led to erosiveand corrosive effects, which are a tremendous cost to the petroleum industry. The bilectric hf desalter begins the desalting process by adding lowsalinity washwater upstream of the mixing valve, generating a uniform mixture of smallsize brine and washwater droplets throughout the crude slate. The use of acdctype electrostatic technology provides a twopronged approachbulk water is removed in a weaker ac field, and the remaining smaller water droplets are removed. The salt content in the crude oil varies depending on source of the crude oil. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. Desalting of crude oil will eliminate or minimize problems resulting from the presence of mineral salts in crude oil.
The purpose of crude oil desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation the salt content in the crude oil varies depending on. Some of the material in the lecture slides is adapted from several textbooks and electronic resources dehydration and desalting of crude oil lecturer 4 emulsion treatment and dehydration of crude oil the fluid produced at the wellhead consists usually of gas, oil, free water and emulsified water wateroil emulsion. Understanding the process of crude oil desalting desalters. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Juan pereira is grateful to the projects 201003 cdchuc and peii20121184 peifonacit for funding. Desalting of heavy crude oil by using centrifugal technology. The crude oil is preheated to decrease its viscosity for easy separate water from crud and hence easy desalt. We also manufacture pig trap skids, in accordance with asme b. Desalt challenging crude slates such as lowapi and conductive crude oil. The treatment of emulsified crude oils has been a problem for years in thepetroleum. In the process of crude oil desalination, the aim is to separate dispersed phase of brine from oil phase. The purpose of desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to. Crude oil is heated in the crude oil heat exchanger to reduce the crude oil viscosity.
The crude oil desalting process can be conducted in a single, double, or triple stage, although two stage desalting is the most common. Processing crude with 10 api refining, hydrocarbons, oil. The washing of crude oil with water in order to remove materials such as dirt, silt, and watersoluble minerals explanation of crude desalting. This creates unnecessary wear on the column and a potential safety issue. A desalting system such as the one shown schematically in fig. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting are chemical.
Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process. Typical desalting efficiencies range from 90 95% for singlestage desalting, with dehydration efficiencies ranging from 95 98% problem. Crude oil desalting using hydrocyclones pdf free download. Water content in crude oil is monitored using astm d4347 and astm d4928. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes, dehydration and hydrocarbon crude intake in the water was calculated based on. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration. The saltsmay be present in crude oil in amounts ranging from a few pounds to over lb. Study on the deferrization and desalting for crude oils. Roll over orange arrows for additional information. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and.
I want to know about crude oil desalting system modelling in hysys. Salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons in catalytic cracking units. The range of pour points of crude oil varies greatly from 70. Dear sir, i have got light crude oil two stage desalting system with wash water addition in desalter.
Electrical desalter is the typical method of crude oil desalting 2. Big strike lead french oil refining basicly paralyzed. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Oil desalting systems provide protection to capital intensive processing equipment by removing the salt component from crude oil.
By juan pereira, ingrid velasquez, ronald blanco, meraldo sanchez, cesar pernalete and carlos canelon. Aug 07, 20 crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc. Pdf desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil.
Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals. Petroleum downstream crash course 6 desalting youtube. The two most typical methods of crude oil desalting chemical and electrostatic separation use hot water to dissolve the salts and collect suspended solids. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining of a refinery. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality.
Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. Bmasystem desalter interface control application sheet. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Alfa laval has about 100 heat exchangers installed in refinery desalting processes around the world. Crude desalting breaking the crude oilwater emulsion important to minimize downstream problems performance of additives may be crude specific 12 picture from. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing the heat transfer efficiency. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical. We use these technologiesperfected over many decadesto provide solutions ranging from singlestage product applications to complete oil treatments to ensure your oil is costeffectively. By lowering the surface tension between two fluids in the case of desalting oil and water, they are allowed to mix. When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. Crude oil desalting system modelling in hysys chemical. Typically, older crude oil dehydration and desalting treaters use actype electrostatic technology, which is less effective in treating crude oils with high water cuts. I know few things about chemical and electrostatic desalting.
Designing and testing a chemical demulsifier dosage. Feb 12, 2015 processing crude with 10 api posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. The success of the above actions in preventing corrosion, can only be effective, by application of online process analyzers which indicate the efficiency of the treatment of the crude oil, such as salt in crude oil analyzers, tan analyzers, h2s analyzers etc. Lecture 4dehydration and desalting of crude oilofp1. Three highiron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. Use of this technology has allowed refiners to increase the proportion of high calcium naphthenate crude. Desalting of crude oil pdf download crude oil desalting process. Modeling and optimization of desalting process in oil industry. The project aim is the use of carbon nanoadsorbent for removal of salt from crude oil that, unlike other methods of salt separation from crude oil currently used, is a simple, inexpensive method with good ability to remove salt from crude oil. When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly.
Pdf desalting crude oil analysis of salt in crude oil. Desalting of crude oil and by reducing the formation of corrosive hcl. Desalting is a part of the refining process, in which, salts and water are removed from the crude oil prior to distillation. How to crude oil desalting process in refinnerypetroleum. I need iformation regarding desalting of crude oil. Deferric agents te3 and te4 of the polyamine carboxylate types had a better. Application technical document industrial analysis. Crude oil desalting system modelling in hysys posted in chemical process simulation. Salts, which normally occur in the form of brine suspended in the crude, promote corrosion, fouling, and coking. These maximize feed water preheating while effectively cooling effluent water. In other words, one would consider the main function of the desalter is to remove salts soluble in water from the crude oil.
View test prep crude oil dehydration and desalting. Use ac and dc fields to remove salt and water from crude oil. While doing so, our heat exchangers deliver continuous uptime and extend equipment lifetime to the crude oil refiners. Water oil separation crude dehydration the actual removal of salt takes place well ahead of the vessel that bears the name desalter although there is some potential for secondary mixing desalting in. Physical and chemical properties of crude oils and their.
The desalter removes salt, water and other contaminants from crude oil prior to distillation in an atmospheric tower. Crude oil salinity is often expressed as ptb pounds of salt per bbls of crude oil. A surfactant will reduce the surface tension between two fluids. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content. Further salts are detrimental for catalysts in the downstream conversion processes. After desalting and dehydration, crude is separated into fractions by distillation. In the upstream oil sector and in parallel with crude oil treatment installations, we design and manufacture installations for the transfer and distribution of crude oil. To remove the salts, wash water is added mixed under turbulence to the crude in the incoming crude feed line. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting. Characterization and modeling of a crude oil desalting plant by a statistically designed approach.
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